Research Design

A properly planned and executed clinical trials is a powerful experimental technique for assessing the effectiveness of an intervention. We consider clinical trials experiments as the investigators rather than the patients or their doctors select the treatment the patients receive. The results of randomized clinical trials usually provide the highest level of evidence to determine whether a treatment is effective.…

The aim of a non-inferiority study is to prove that a new (generic) drug is NOT WORSE THAN the classic treatment (the brand). Fulfilling non-inferiority should never be interpreted those treatments are equal. An equivalence study is analyzed as TWO NON-INFERIORITY STUDIES; each aiming to prove that one treatment is not worse than the other. Workshop items: Understand the difference…

One study can never be enough to provide an adequate evidence. Systematic review does not simply summarize the results of the previous studies, but it analyzes the evidence provided by each study to draw meaningful and statistically valid conclusion (Meta-analysis). Each year the number of published systematic review & meta-analysis is increased reaching up to 28,959 systematic review & 9,135…

In observational studies, the researcher tests the association between a given risk factor or a therapeutic intervention under normal circumstances. These studies give us a better understanding of what can actually happens in real clinical settings rather than in controlled research facilities. As a clinician, you would need to evaluate the quality of these studies before trusting their results, and…